Litepaper (and /claims, /randomx from it): the RandomX record as lane A's history reads it (docs/analysis/class-v6/history.md 2.3, 8 October 2026): one chip shipped, Bitmain's Antminer X5 (September 2023) at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU on silicon believed mining privately from about 2021; RandomX v2 released 25 March 2026 with its mainnet activation pending; the X9 withdrawn in May 2026 with zero units (the X36 sentence stands); "no chip shipped" and "seven years without a shipped chip" gone from every served sentence; ledger X34 and C2 corrected, pins moved, the public ledger and the ledger page regenerated. Governance line beside the class v5 crossing sentence (main's wording): classes rotate on findings and at least yearly, a class change is a release activated by block height; class v6 named as the design in progress with its four layers, dated 8 October 2026
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ Evidence: litepaper "For miners", hardware paragraph. Wording: overclaims list,
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### C2. vs Monero: "no chip in seven years" is not proof
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"Absence of a public RandomX ASIC is not evidence one cannot exist. Monero is also a small prize."
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Status: Conceded, stated; reopened as conceded (7 October 2026, morning, X36): the X9 never shipped, so Monero's record is again seven years without a shipped chip, and the concession stands as first written; the litepaper says so in the same sentences.
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Status: Conceded, stated; corrected (8 October 2026, lane A's history): Monero's record is about seven years with one shipped chip, the Antminer X5 at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU, not seven years without one; the concession stands and the litepaper's sentences say so (`docs/analysis/class-v6/history.md` 2.3). Was: Conceded, stated; reopened as conceded (7 October 2026, morning, X36): the X9 never shipped, so Monero's record is again seven years without a shipped chip, and the concession stands as first written; the litepaper says so in the same sentences.
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Status: Conceded, stated (7 October 2026, morning): the one-screen home page is back on the owner's word, so this row is stated on `site/litepaper.html` only; the sentence there is unchanged and the text check lists it under the litepaper.
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@ -2298,7 +2298,7 @@ Evidence: `site/litepaper.html`; `docs/plans/testnet-go.md`; X31, X32.
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### X34. RandomX described as chip-free
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"The home page said the random program 'has kept chips off Monero since 2019', the litepaper said Monero ran on RandomX 'with no chip publicly shipped' and spoke of 'Monero's seven years without a public chip'. Bitmain's Antminer X9, a RandomX chip, ships from July 2026 (1 MH/s at 2,472 W, about USD 5,600; monero-project/monero issue 10270), and RandomX 2.0 shipped on 25 March 2026. Every sentence that said or implied RandomX is chip-free, or that Monero's approach has held, was wrong."
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Status: Fixed, stated; corrected (7 October 2026, morning, X36): the X9 never shipped. Bitmain opened pre-orders on 26 December 2025 and withdrew the product in mid-May 2026 before any unit was delivered; every sentence below that had it shipping now states that, and RandomX stands as a technique no chip has yet shipped against. The sentences in this row are the history.
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Status: Fixed, stated; corrected again (8 October 2026, lane A's history, `docs/analysis/class-v6/history.md` 2.3): one chip did ship against RandomX, Bitmain's Antminer X5 (announced 27 August 2023, shipped September 2023), a board of RISC-V chips at 1.46x per joule over a Ryzen 9 7950X, on silicon SChernykh believes mined privately from about 2021; RandomX v2 was released on 25 March 2026 with its mainnet activation pending (PR 10038); the X9 was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 with zero units. Every served sentence that said "no chip shipped" or "seven years without a shipped chip" now carries the X5 and the v2 release (litepaper precedents row, the chip-model paragraph, the vs RandomX section and its track-record row; /claims and /randomx follow from it); the X36 sentence on the X9 stands. Was: Fixed, stated; corrected (7 October 2026, morning, X36): the X9 never shipped. Bitmain opened pre-orders on 26 December 2025 and withdrew the product in mid-May 2026 before any unit was delivered; every sentence below that had it shipping now states that, and RandomX stands as a technique no chip has yet shipped against. The sentences in this row are the history.
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Status: Fixed, stated (7 October 2026, morning): the one-screen home page carries no RandomX sentence, so the corrected wording stands on `site/litepaper.html` (four sentences and the table row); the text check lists them there.
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@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
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<div class="derived"><p>Here are the limits, stated before anyone else states them.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>A proof in seconds.</strong> Not at launch. Proving a full block today needs a cluster of 100 to 200 consumer GPUs, approximate, so Igneum launches with proofs within about a minute and tightens as hardware improves. Users still see their transaction land in one second.</li>
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<li><strong>A chip is impossible.</strong> No. A chip wired for one program is a bad bet, because the program moves before it ships. A programmable chip is not stopped by the moving target: everything it needs is public at genesis and every drawn parameter is firmware to it (an address permute, a rotator, an immediate table), so the defence against it is the latency-shadow work (class v4) and the price per joule, not the schedule (the Horizon lane analysis, 6 October 2026, section 5.4; ledger M32). At launch the strongest chip in our public model reaches 2.1x per joule against an RTX 5090 with a core as good as a GPU lane and 3.4x with one three times better, under class v4 from the first block: a memory-controller chip that stores the whole dataset and carries a GPU-class datapath beside its memory for the 100,000 ops per hash in the shadow, the range running from a chip core as costly per operation as a GPU lane (k = 1, modelled on the 5090’s measured watts at its knee, 7 October 2026) to a core three times better per operation (k about 0.33); the withdrawn Antminer X9’s claimed figure is a ratio against a CPU core, not a GPU lane, so it does not stand for a chip core against us; the ladder’s second rung takes that bracket to about 2.8x (modelled, 7 October 2026). Class v5 then makes the dataset the chain’s own state, so a chip that stores it or recomputes it is wrong on every item (designed, 7 October 2026). The baseline the work started from, never the launch state: without class v4 the same stored-dataset chip would reach 1.2x per chip and 5x to 9x per joule in our model (6 October 2026); the Ethash chips of this class reached 2.1x to 4.8x (Linzhi Phoenix 2020, Jasminer X4 2021, Antminer E9 2022). The strongest recompute chip we can price, holding the whole 256 MiB cache on-die, reaches under 1x per chip against an RTX 5090 (the published model, 5 October 2026: 0.92x per unit of silicon with a 3x fixed-function allowance, approximate). Sources: the chip model analysis (6 October 2026); the ASIC history’s Ethash rows; Counter ASIC 3.0 item 8 (the chip’s per-joule edge over the RTX 5090 falls from 5.6x to 2.1x on GDDR7 at k = 1 and to 3.4x at a core three times better, the 5090 at 0.2% less rate; gates G1 to G6 passed, 6 October 2026). No hash has stayed free of chips forever; Igneum does not claim to. Monero’s RandomX has held for about seven years; the one chip announced against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9, was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped, its claimed core (k about 0.33) never measured. That record says nothing about the price of a chip with the 256 MB cache on its die; that price is a cost model, not a measurement.</li>
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<li><strong>A chip is impossible.</strong> No. A chip wired for one program is a bad bet, because the program moves before it ships. A programmable chip is not stopped by the moving target: everything it needs is public at genesis and every drawn parameter is firmware to it (an address permute, a rotator, an immediate table), so the defence against it is the latency-shadow work (class v4) and the price per joule, not the schedule (the Horizon lane analysis, 6 October 2026, section 5.4; ledger M32). At launch the strongest chip in our public model reaches 2.1x per joule against an RTX 5090 with a core as good as a GPU lane and 3.4x with one three times better, under class v4 from the first block: a memory-controller chip that stores the whole dataset and carries a GPU-class datapath beside its memory for the 100,000 ops per hash in the shadow, the range running from a chip core as costly per operation as a GPU lane (k = 1, modelled on the 5090’s measured watts at its knee, 7 October 2026) to a core three times better per operation (k about 0.33); the withdrawn Antminer X9’s claimed figure is a ratio against a CPU core, not a GPU lane, so it does not stand for a chip core against us; the ladder’s second rung takes that bracket to about 2.8x (modelled, 7 October 2026). Class v5 then makes the dataset the chain’s own state, so a chip that stores it or recomputes it is wrong on every item (designed, 7 October 2026). The baseline the work started from, never the launch state: without class v4 the same stored-dataset chip would reach 1.2x per chip and 5x to 9x per joule in our model (6 October 2026); the Ethash chips of this class reached 2.1x to 4.8x (Linzhi Phoenix 2020, Jasminer X4 2021, Antminer E9 2022). The strongest recompute chip we can price, holding the whole 256 MiB cache on-die, reaches under 1x per chip against an RTX 5090 (the published model, 5 October 2026: 0.92x per unit of silicon with a 3x fixed-function allowance, approximate). Sources: the chip model analysis (6 October 2026); the ASIC history’s Ethash rows; Counter ASIC 3.0 item 8 (the chip’s per-joule edge over the RTX 5090 falls from 5.6x to 2.1x on GDDR7 at k = 1 and to 3.4x at a core three times better, the 5090 at 0.2% less rate; gates G1 to G6 passed, 6 October 2026). No hash has stayed free of chips forever; Igneum does not claim to. Monero’s RandomX has held its miners on commodity hardware for about seven years: one chip shipped against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU; the one announced beyond it, the Antminer X9, was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped, its claimed core (k about 0.33) never measured; RandomX v2 was released on 25 March 2026 with its activation pending. That record says nothing about the price of a chip with the 256 MB cache on its die; that price is a cost model, not a measurement.</li>
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<li><strong>A guaranteed income floor.</strong> No. External proving is a small market today. Igneum's miners' electricity cost in it is close to power, but the price they must charge is the subsidy they forgo, which falls as one over network hash: an edge at scale and nothing more.</li>
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<li><strong>A memory-hard prototype on every vendor.</strong> Not yet. The 256 MB cache closed the shortcut on Apple silicon (computing items runs 4.8x slower than loading them, measured 3 October 2026). The same ratio on NVIDIA and on a discrete AMD card is Open.</li>
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<li><strong>Finality in the first month.</strong> No. No checkpoint locks until the 30-day window has 30 days of history. The first month of mainnet is proof of work with a 12-hour depth, and the text above says so wherever a day count appears.</li>
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@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ blockquote{margin:10px 0;padding:10px 14px;border-left:3px solid var(--line-2);c
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<div class="nav-groups" id="nav-groups" role="list">
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<div class="nav-group" role="listitem"><button type="button" class="group-btn" id="nav-btn-mine" data-group="mine" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-panel-mine" aria-haspopup="true">Mine<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7 10 5 5 5-5"/></svg></button></div>
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<div class="nav-group" role="listitem"><button type="button" class="group-btn" id="nav-btn-network" data-group="network" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-panel-network" aria-haspopup="true">Network<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7 10 5 5 5-5"/></svg></button></div>
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<div class="nav-group" role="listitem"><button type="button" class="group-btn" id="nav-btn-learn" data-group="learn" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-panel-learn" aria-haspopup="true">Learn<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7 10 5 5 5-5"/></svg></button></div>
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<div class="nav-group" role="listitem"><button type="button" class="group-btn" id="nav-btn-learn" data-group="learn" data-active aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-panel-learn" aria-haspopup="true">Learn<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7 10 5 5 5-5"/></svg></button></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav-controls">
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<button class="btn icon-btn" type="button" data-theme-toggle aria-label="Switch to light theme"><svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4"/><path d="M12 2v2m0 16v2M2 12h2m16 0h2M5 5l1 1m12 12 1 1M5 19l1-1M18 6l1-1"/></svg></button>
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@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ blockquote{margin:10px 0;padding:10px 14px;border-left:3px solid var(--line-2);c
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<div class="sheet-group"><div class="sheet-head">Learn</div>
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<a href="/litepaper" data-nav="litepaper"><b>Litepaper</b><span>The design, as published.</span></a>
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<a href="/income" data-nav="income"><b>Income per tier</b><span>IGN a day per card at three network sizes, and the electricity.</span></a>
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<a href="/ledger" data-nav="ledger"><b>Ledger</b><span>Every criticism, answered or conceded.</span></a>
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<a href="/ledger" data-nav="ledger" aria-current="page"><b>Ledger</b><span>Every criticism, answered or conceded.</span></a>
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<a href="/claims" data-nav="claims"><b>What Igneum does not claim</b><span>The limits, stated first.</span></a>
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<a href="/randomx" data-nav="randomx"><b>Igneum vs RandomX</b><span>What was kept and what was rebuilt for GPUs.</span></a>
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<a href="/provenance" data-nav="provenance"><b>Built on the shoulders</b><span>Every borrowed part, credited.</span></a>
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@ -1395,7 +1395,7 @@ blockquote{margin:10px 0;padding:10px 14px;border-left:3px solid var(--line-2);c
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<article class="entry" id="AP-F8-1" data-bucket="Fixed or built">
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<div class="head"><span class="id">AP-F8-1</span><h3>A load whose source was last written by <code>or</code>, <code>mul</code> or <code>mulhi</code> makes a cross-hash hot set</h3><span class="date">7 October 2026</span></div>
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<blockquote>The item histogram of class v4 over 2^26 nonces is not uniform: the top 0.1 percent of items take 0.520 percent of reads against 0.115 for a uniform control (4.05x), one item takes 78,479 reads (153x the mean), and site 15 feeds 6.37 percent of its reads into that top 0.1 percent in every iteration." (attack-pass row F8, <code>a repository file</code>, 7 October 2026)</blockquote>
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<div class="status"><span class="badge b-fixed-or-built">Fixed in part, finding bounded, stated</span> <span class="did">7 October 2026, night, the Counter ASIC lane's words): class v4 sub-version 3 (igneum-pow 017e7037, the audit-freeze tag) is frozen with the dataflow rule, the shared-operand rule, the 0.98 ratio and the total draw; the in-house pass's F8 re-gate reads 60 of 64 seeds under 1.2x with the four-seed tail accepted by the coordinator as the window model's unattributed residue (no chip consequence); the pass then attributed the class by value (eight live hot sets at 1.54x to 2.24x in the lowest 30 of 29,032 accepted programs, each about 1 MB of items at 0.3 percent of reads, 1.002x to a chip); class v5 (1c420786, frozen 21:53 UK) carries the fix as rule (c'''), the per-site distinct-index floor at 0.995 on the state flag (its census refuses 2.435 percent of accepted programs; seven of seven live hot sets refused at 0.9821 to 0.9919; the eighth's ratio owed tonight), with a named residual (three mild shadow-block-written concentrations at 0.9992 to 0.9997, about 1.0004x, a value-level test in the next class); the record is <code>a repository file</code> section 7c and the class v5 design's section 14. The eighth live hot set (seed 122960, id 4be7393ab6c84802, the deepest found: X_f +0.111 percent, 1.54x the window model, its hottest item at 475,616 reads from an all-ones source) reads minimum site 12 at 0.9824 at the acceptance's own 2^20 sample (live 0.9822), refused by class v5's (c''') floor at 0.995; so the floor refuses nine of nine live hot sets by X_f at or above f found in the tail of 269,250 accepted programs (minimum sites 0.9809 to 0.9919; the ninth, seed 228763 from a non-saturated source, at 0.9809 on 8 October 2026) against 0 hot sets in 20 random programs; what it misses stays the three mild shadow-block-written concentrations at 0.9992 to 0.9997 (Devnet 3's first program among them), about 1.0004x to a chip, the value-level test in the next class (22:41 local time; the logs under <code>a repository file/</code> on branch adv-accept; the v5 design's section 14). The public sentence (the coordinator's wording, 7 October 2026, night; the count moved to nine at 01:13 local time on 8 October when the ninth live hot set, seed 228763 from a non-saturated source, read 0.9809 and was refused): nine of nine hot sets refused; the diffuse era-stride excess, bounded under 0.1 percent of a hash's reads per site, is not caught by the floor and is the next class's test. The reason, read by the in-house pass (adv-cache-2) and the class v5 lane together: the distinct-index count at 2^20 sees concentration on few word indices whatever their source, saturated or not (the hot sets put about 3 percent of a site's reads on 512 indices, so the ratio falls to 0.981 to 0.992; the final tally 9 of 9 live hot sets and both single-item programs refused, 7 clean-live programs refused among the 12 deepest, 3 mild residuals missed) and not a diffuse excess over the top 0.1 percent of items (16,384 items), which is what the era-stride low-bit law produces (13 of 27 drawn-era programs carry a site over 1.04x, 8 over 1.2x, worst 1.75x; 0 of 29 refused at the 2^20 sample, minimum sites 0.9965 to 1.0000); its chip value is about 1.0024x at the worst site read, under this row's bound by an order; the row for it is AP-F8-6. The RTX 5080 grid's knee is not in tonight; X37 keeps the 5080's stock premium only.</span></div>
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<div class="status"><span class="badge b-fixed-or-built">Fixed in part, finding bounded, stated</span> <span class="did">7 October 2026, night, the Counter ASIC lane's words): class v4 sub-version 3 (igneum-pow 017e7037, the audit-freeze tag) is frozen with the dataflow rule, the shared-operand rule, the 0.98 ratio and the total draw; the in-house pass's F8 re-gate reads 60 of 64 seeds under 1.2x with the four-seed tail accepted by the coordinator as the window model's unattributed residue (no chip consequence); the pass then attributed the class by value (eight live hot sets at 1.54x to 2.24x in the lowest 30 of 29,032 accepted programs, each about 1 MB of items at 0.3 percent of reads, 1.002x to a chip); class v5 (1c420786, frozen 21:53 UK) carries the fix as rule (c'''), the per-site distinct-index floor at 0.995 on the state flag (its census refuses 2.435 percent of accepted programs; seven of seven live hot sets refused at 0.9821 to 0.9919; the eighth's ratio owed tonight), with a named residual (three mild shadow-block-written concentrations at 0.9992 to 0.9997, about 1.0004x, a value-level test in the next class); the record is <code>a repository file</code> section 7c and the class v5 design's section 14. The eighth live hot set (seed 122960, id 4be7393ab6c84802, the deepest found: X_f +0.111 percent, 1.54x the window model, its hottest item at 475,616 reads from an all-ones source) reads minimum site 12 at 0.9824 at the acceptance's own 2^20 sample (live 0.9822), refused by class v5's (c''') floor at 0.995; so the floor refuses nine of nine live hot sets by X_f at or above f found in the tail of 269,250 accepted programs (minimum sites 0.9809 to 0.9919; the ninth, seed 228763 from a non-saturated source, at 0.9809 on 8 October 2026) against 0 hot sets in 20 random programs; what it misses stays the three mild shadow-block-written concentrations at 0.9992 to 0.9997 (Devnet 3's first program among them), about 1.0004x to a chip, the value-level test in the next class (22:41 local time; the logs under <code>a repository file/</code> on branch adv-accept; the v5 design's section 14). The public sentence (the coordinator's wording, 7 October 2026, night; the count moved to nine at 01:13 local time on 8 October when the ninth live hot set, seed 228763 from a non-saturated source, read 0.9809 and was refused): nine of nine hot sets refused; the diffuse era-stride excess, bounded under 0.1 percent of a hash's reads per site, is not caught by the floor and is the next class's test. The reason, read by the in-house pass (adv-cache-2) and the class v5 lane together: the distinct-index count at 2^20 sees concentration on few word indices whatever their source, saturated or not (the hot sets put about 3 percent of a site's reads on 512 indices, so the ratio falls to 0.981 to 0.992; the final tally 9 of 9 live hot sets and both single-item programs refused, 7 clean-live programs refused among the 12 deepest, 3 mild residuals missed) and not a diffuse excess over the top 0.1 percent of items (16,384 items), which is what the era-stride low-bit law produces (13 of 27 drawn-era programs carry a site over 1.04x, 8 over 1.2x, worst 1.75x; 0 of 29 refused at the 2^20 sample, minimum sites 0.9965 to 1.0000); its chip value is about 1.0024x at the worst site read, under this row's bound by an order; the row for it is AP-F8-6. The RTX 5080 grid's knee is not in tonight; X37 keeps the 5080's stock premium only. The tail is attributed (8 October 2026, 09:46 UK, the hash lane): one narrow-window site per seed with a quarter-bit bucket concentration from a mad, xor or sub writer, no lossy source, no chip consequence beyond the window model; the per-site bucket bound that would refuse it is a morning item for the next class, not a change to 017e7037.</span></div>
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<details><summary>The answer as first written</summary><p>Correct as a fault, wrong as a null. The window layer (spec 01 1.13.1 as proposed, <code>a repository file</code> 1.4) moves the uniform null from 0.115 to 0.160 percent at the top 0.1 percent (1.39x, not 4.05x) and explains every per-site row of F8's attribution except site 15. Site 15's source r6 was last written by <code>or r6, r4</code> (instruction 61, the load at 63), a non-injective op whose output bits are 1 with probability 3/4, so the all-ones source recurs with probability (3/4)^32 per read; the era map sends it to item 0xca5b92, F8's hottest item exactly, and F8's next seven items are exactly the seven one-zero-bit sources whose zero survives the window mask. The popcount model at the measured bias (p = 0.7585) predicts 77,348 all-ones reads against 78,479, and the program's top-0.1-percent share at 0.58 against 0.52. The acceptance rule's part (a) takes any write as a fresh source and part (c) counts saturation on final register values only, so the class of fault passes it: of 1,024 chain-shaped class v4 programs 96.6 percent carry a load whose source's last writer is <code>or</code>, <code>mul</code> or <code>mulhi</code>, 48.5 percent an <code>or</code>-sourced one (0.30 percent of all reads per site), 4.9 percent an <code>or</code>-of-<code>or</code> chain (p3's class: 72 percent of that site's reads, 4.6 percent of all reads, on 0.1 percent of items). The ceiling under rule (c)'s 120-of-128 floor is one site repeating its item in all 8 iterations, 6.25 percent of reads, a chip edge of at most 1.067x in 64 bytes of SRAM; the public claim's 2x margin stands, and the public line says "bounded", not "uniform" (<code>a repository file</code> sections 1 to 4).</p></details>
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</article>
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<article class="entry" id="AP-F8-4" data-bucket="Fixed or built">
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<a href="https://discord.gg/igneum" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="The Igneum Discord"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22" height="22" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19.6 5.3A17 17 0 0 0 15.4 4l-.2.4a15.6 15.6 0 0 1 3.9 1.9 13.6 13.6 0 0 0-14.2 0A15.6 15.6 0 0 1 8.8 4.4L8.6 4a17 17 0 0 0-4.2 1.3C1.8 9.2 1.1 13 1.4 16.7a17.1 17.1 0 0 0 5.2 2.6l1.1-1.8a10.8 10.8 0 0 1-1.7-.8l.4-.3a12.2 12.2 0 0 0 11.2 0l.4.3-1.7.8 1.1 1.8a17 17 0 0 0 5.2-2.6c.4-4.3-.7-8-3-11.4zM8.7 14.4c-1 0-1.8-.9-1.8-2.1s.8-2.1 1.8-2.1 1.9 1 1.8 2.1c0 1.2-.8 2.1-1.8 2.1zm6.6 0c-1 0-1.8-.9-1.8-2.1s.8-2.1 1.8-2.1 1.9 1 1.8 2.1c0 1.2-.8 2.1-1.8 2.1z"></path></svg></a>
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<a data-social="reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Igneum_network/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Igneum on Reddit"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22" height="22" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M22 12.1a2.2 2.2 0 0 0-3.7-1.6 10.8 10.8 0 0 0-5.8-1.8l1-4.6 3.2.7a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 .2-.9l-3.6-.8a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.4l-1.1 5.2a10.8 10.8 0 0 0-5.9 1.8A2.2 2.2 0 1 0 3.4 14a4.3 4.3 0 0 0 0 .7c0 3.4 3.9 6.1 8.6 6.1s8.6-2.7 8.6-6.1a4.3 4.3 0 0 0 0-.7 2.2 2.2 0 0 0 1.4-1.9zM7 13.6a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 1.5 1.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7 13.6zm8.6 4.1a5.7 5.7 0 0 1-3.6 1.1 5.7 5.7 0 0 1-3.6-1.1.4.4 0 0 1 .6-.6 4.9 4.9 0 0 0 3 .9 4.9 4.9 0 0 0 3-.9.4.4 0 0 1 .6.6zm-.3-2.6a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 1.5-1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5z"></path></svg></a>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footer-dl" aria-label="Download Ember"><a href="/download#windows"><span data-os="windows" class="mini"></span>Windows</a><a href="/download#mac"><span data-os="mac" class="mini"></span>macOS</a><a href="/download#linux"><span data-os="linux" class="mini"></span>Linux</a><a href="/download#hive"><span data-os="hive" class="mini"></span>HiveOS</a></div>
|
||||
<div class="footer-dl" aria-label="Download Ember"><a href="/download#windows"><span class="osmark mini" data-os="windows" title="Windows"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22" height="22" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 5.6l7.3-1v7.1H3zM11.4 4.4L21 3v8.7h-9.6zM3 12.3h7.3v7.1L3 18.4zM11.4 12.3H21V21l-9.6-1.4z"/></svg></span>Windows</a><a href="/download#mac"><span class="osmark mini" data-os="mac" title="macOS"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22" height="22" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M16.4 12.6c0-2.5 2-3.6 2.1-3.7-1.2-1.7-3-1.9-3.6-2-1.5-.2-3 .9-3.8.9-.8 0-2-.9-3.3-.8-1.7 0-3.2 1-4.1 2.5-1.8 3-.5 7.6 1.3 10.1.9 1.2 1.9 2.6 3.2 2.5 1.3 0 1.8-.8 3.3-.8 1.6 0 2 .8 3.3.8 1.4 0 2.3-1.2 3.1-2.5 1-1.4 1.4-2.8 1.4-2.9 0 0-2.7-1-2.9-4.1zM13.9 5.3c.7-.8 1.2-2 1-3.2-1 0-2.2.7-2.9 1.5-.6.7-1.2 1.9-1 3 1.1.1 2.2-.5 2.9-1.3z"/></svg></span>macOS</a><a href="/download#linux"><span class="osmark mini" data-os="linux" title="Linux"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22" height="22" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 2c-2.4 0-4 1.9-4 4.6 0 1.2.2 2 0 2.8-.6 1.4-2.1 2.9-2.6 4.9-.3 1.1-.1 2 .3 2.6-.6.4-1.3 1-1.1 1.7.3 1 2.1 1.2 3.2 1.8.7.4 1.5.6 2.1.1.6.2 1.3.3 2.1.3s1.5-.1 2.1-.3c.6.5 1.4.3 2.1-.1 1.1-.6 2.9-.8 3.2-1.8.2-.7-.5-1.3-1.1-1.7.4-.6.6-1.5.3-2.6-.5-2-2-3.5-2.6-4.9-.2-.8 0-1.6 0-2.8C16 3.9 14.4 2 12 2zm-1.4 4.2c.5 0 .8.5.8 1.2s-.3 1.2-.8 1.2-.8-.5-.8-1.2.3-1.2.8-1.2zm2.8 0c.5 0 .8.5.8 1.2s-.3 1.2-.8 1.2-.8-.5-.8-1.2.3-1.2.8-1.2zM12 9.3c.9 0 1.9.5 1.9 1s-1 1.2-1.9 1.2-1.9-.7-1.9-1.2 1-1 1.9-1zm0 3.4c2.2 0 3.6 2.6 3.6 4.4 0 1.5-1.6 2.3-3.6 2.3s-3.6-.8-3.6-2.3c0-1.8 1.4-4.4 3.6-4.4z"/></svg></span>Linux</a><a href="/download#hive"><span class="osmark mini" data-os="hive" title="HiveOS"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22" height="22" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.7" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-linecap="round"><path d="M12 2.6 20.2 7.3v9.4L12 21.4 3.8 16.7V7.3z"/><path d="M12 7.4 16 9.7v4.6L12 16.6 8 14.3V9.7z"/><path d="M12 7.4V2.6M16 9.7l4.2-2.4M16 14.3l4.2 2.4M12 16.6v4.8M8 14.3l-4.2 2.4M8 9.7 3.8 7.3"/></svg></span>HiveOS</a></div>
|
||||
<a href="https://git.igneum.network/igneum-network/spec" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="text-link">Specification and test vectors<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6 18 18 6M6 6h12v12"/></svg></a>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footer-column"><h4>Run</h4><div>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ body.all .pager{display:none}
|
|||
<div class="tbl"><table>
|
||||
<thead><tr><th>Piece</th><th>Closest precedent</th><th>What Igneum adds</th><th>State, 7 Oct 2026</th></tr></thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td>A mining program that regenerates itself, for GPUs</td><td>RandomX on Monero since 2019, for CPUs, a program per hash; the one chip announced against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9, withdrawn in May 2026 before launch. ProgPoW, as KAWPOW on Ravencoin since 2020, changes the maths inside a fixed program shape every few blocks on GPUs (approximate)</td><td>A whole kernel per hour compiled to native code, a daily dataset from a 256 MB cache, a verifiable delay before the seed, era draws from a genesis reserve</td><td>Measured: hourly swaps on Apple, NVIDIA and AMD cards on the live devnet, 4 October 2026</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>A mining program that regenerates itself, for GPUs</td><td>RandomX on Monero since 2019, for CPUs, a program per hash; one chip shipped against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), a board of RISC-V chips at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU, on silicon believed mining privately from about 2021; the X9 was withdrawn in May 2026 with zero units; RandomX v2 was released on 25 March 2026 with its activation pending. ProgPoW, as KAWPOW on Ravencoin since 2020, changes the maths inside a fixed program shape every few blocks on GPUs (approximate)</td><td>A whole kernel per hour compiled to native code, a daily dataset from a 256 MB cache, a verifiable delay before the seed, era draws from a genesis reserve</td><td>Measured: hourly swaps on Apple, NVIDIA and AMD cards on the live devnet, 4 October 2026</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>The mining card does paid, useful, verifiable work</td><td>Primecoin's prime chains in 2013 were not useful. Aleo ran proving as consensus and the fastest prover won (both approximate)</td><td>Proving kept apart from the lottery; shards assigned by sortition, not by speed</td><td>Implemented: proving v0 and v1 on Devnet 3 from block zero (7 October 2026), v0 on the first devnet since 5 October 2026. The job market for other chains is Designed</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>A proof-of-work chain where every block is proven</td><td>zkEVMs run as rollups on proof-of-stake Ethereum. Conflux has run GPU-mined EVM apps on a DAG since 2020, without proofs (approximate)</td><td>Proven state on a proof-of-work base layer, produced by the miners themselves</td><td>Implemented in part: shards proven and paid on the devnet. The aggregated block proof checked in consensus is Designed</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Finality held by miners and not moved by hour-long rentals</td><td>Decred votes with stake. Horizen penalises hidden chains. Kaspa limits merge depth (approximate)</td><td>Vote weight is 30 days of blocks per key. Hashrate that appeared today has no vote</td><td>Implemented: rule v3 live on Devnet 3 from block zero, first lock 7 October 2026; rule v2 ran the first devnet from its first lock on 4 October 2026. External review is owed at gate 3</td></tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -449,14 +449,14 @@ body.all .pager{display:none}
|
|||
<tr><td>When a stored-dataset chip pays for itself</td><td>at about USD 100 M of market cap in the first two years, not before</td><td>modelled, 7 October 2026</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>The baseline the work started from: the same chip under class v3, without the shadow (the Ethash class)</td><td>5x to 9x (5.1x on GDDR7, 9.2x on eight HBM3 stacks; the Ethash chips of this class reached 2.1x to 4.8x)</td><td>modelled, 6 October 2026; the precedent measured by others, 2020 to 2022; never the launch state</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table></div>
|
||||
<p>What a miner sees from this. Class v4 costs a 5090 145 W more unlocked, 88 W more at a 1,400 MHz core lock and 82 W at the best operating points (class v4 at 1,200 MHz, class v3 at 1,300; the knee is 1,300 MHz on both), for 0.2 percent more rate (measured, 7 October 2026; the 80 W read on 6 October was at the app's tuned cap); an M5 Max 16 W more for 1.5 percent, an RX 9070 XT and an RTX 4070 nothing (measured, 6 October 2026). The ladder that sets how much work rides in the shadow starts at rung 0 at genesis and climbs by miner signal; its third rung is inadmissible today because a server core verifies it in 10.85 ms, over the gate (measured, 7 October 2026). Devnet 3 runs class v4 from its first block (7 October 2026); the first devnet started on class v3 and reaches class v4 by miner signal at a published height. The next test of the model is an internal adversarial pass, not an independent review: three lanes that have never worked on the hash code attack the mixer, the chained cache and the acceptance rule with only what an outsider has (the public kit, the frozen object, the spec, the harnesses) and publish the break or the bound they reach. No outside review has run yet.</p>
|
||||
<p>No hash has stayed free of chips forever. Igneum does not claim to. It states the gain its own model finds, the response takes a week, and both are measured. The model is public: <a href="/bench#counter-asic-2-0-the-numbers">the numbers</a>; the claim is tested by the in-house adversarial pass and the public benchmark. Monero has run on RandomX since 2019 (approximate) with no chip shipped. Bitmain opened Antminer X9 pre-orders on 26 December 2025 for July 2026 delivery, then withdrew the product in mid-May 2026 and refunded buyers before any unit shipped; none has been independently benchmarked. A box with about a 2x per joule edge over the best CPUs, and about 3x over a desktop, was withdrawn rather than face a RandomX re-tune of 1.5x or more. That is the band Igneum’s class v4 model sits in (2.1x to 3.4x over an RTX 5090), and the defence that held was a maintained algorithm with a credible upgrade path, which is what the ladder is.</p>
|
||||
<p>What a miner sees from this. Class v4 costs a 5090 145 W more unlocked, 88 W more at a 1,400 MHz core lock and 82 W at the best operating points (class v4 at 1,200 MHz, class v3 at 1,300; the knee is 1,300 MHz on both), for 0.2 percent more rate (measured, 7 October 2026; the 80 W read on 6 October was at the app's tuned cap); an M5 Max 16 W more for 1.5 percent, an RX 9070 XT and an RTX 4070 nothing (measured, 6 October 2026). The ladder that sets how much work rides in the shadow starts at rung 0 at genesis and climbs by miner signal; its third rung is inadmissible today because a server core verifies it in 10.85 ms, over the gate (measured, 7 October 2026). Devnet 3 runs class v4 from its first block (7 October 2026); the first devnet started on class v3 and reaches class v4 by miner signal at a published height. Classes rotate on findings and at least yearly; a class change is a release activated by block height. Class v5 crosses on Devnet 3 by height; class v6 is the design in progress (opened 8 October 2026), with four layers as its spine: per-era draws of the parameters a release now fixes, a dataset whose size tracks the chain state, scheduled family epochs by height, and the acceptance floor generalised to every era’s draw. The next test of the model is an internal adversarial pass, not an independent review: three lanes that have never worked on the hash code attack the mixer, the chained cache and the acceptance rule with only what an outsider has (the public kit, the frozen object, the spec, the harnesses) and publish the break or the bound they reach. No outside review has run yet.</p>
|
||||
<p>No hash has stayed free of chips forever. Igneum does not claim to. It states the gain its own model finds, the response takes a week, and both are measured. The model is public: <a href="/bench#counter-asic-2-0-the-numbers">the numbers</a>; the claim is tested by the in-house adversarial pass and the public benchmark. Monero has run on RandomX since November 2019; one chip shipped against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), a board of RISC-V chips at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU, on silicon believed mining privately from about 2021; RandomX v2 was released on 25 March 2026 with its mainnet activation pending. Bitmain opened Antminer X9 pre-orders on 26 December 2025 for July 2026 delivery, then withdrew the product in mid-May 2026 and refunded buyers before any unit shipped; none has been independently benchmarked. A box with about a 2x per joule edge over the best CPUs, and about 3x over a desktop, was withdrawn rather than face a RandomX re-tune of 1.5x or more. That is the band Igneum’s class v4 model sits in (2.1x to 3.4x over an RTX 5090), and the defence that held was a maintained algorithm with a credible upgrade path, which is what the ladder is.</p>
|
||||
<p>One thing takes a person, here and on every chain that exists: writing new code. A chain cannot safely write its own generator, and it cannot safely tell a chip from a wave of honest new cards by hashrate alone. If the design above ever failed, anyone could publish a new generator and miners would switch it on by signalling, as Monero's community can fork. Igneum is built to make that day unlikely, and does not depend on avoiding it.</p>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="randomx">
|
||||
<h2>Monero's idea, finished for GPUs</h2>
|
||||
<p>RandomX has kept chips off Monero since 2019 (approximate) by making the mining program random, so the hardware that runs it well is the hardware everyone already owns. The one chip announced against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9 (pre-orders from 26 December 2025 at 1 MH/s and 2,472 W, about USD 5,600), was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped; RandomX 2.0 shipped on 25 March 2026 (monero-project/monero issue 10270). Igneum takes the same principle to graphics cards and adds what RandomX never had.</p>
|
||||
<p>RandomX has kept Monero on commodity hardware since 2019 by making the mining program random, so the hardware that runs it well is close to the hardware everyone already owns: the one chip that shipped, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), is a board of RISC-V chips at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU. The one chip announced against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9 (pre-orders from 26 December 2025 at 1 MH/s and 2,472 W, about USD 5,600), was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped; RandomX 2.0 shipped on 25 March 2026 with its mainnet activation pending (monero-project/monero issue 10270). Igneum takes the same principle to graphics cards and adds what RandomX never had.</p>
|
||||
<div class="tbl"><table>
|
||||
<thead><tr><th>Property</th><th>RandomX, Monero</th><th>Igneum</th></tr></thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ body.all .pager{display:none}
|
|||
<tr><td>Changes over time</td><td>None. A fixed design, unchanged for seven years</td><td>A new program every hour, its memory pattern with it; era draws and reserved families on a schedule fixed at genesis. Nobody touches it</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Seed grinding</td><td>Not applicable, the program comes from the hash input</td><td>Closed by a verifiable delay between seed and program</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Useful work</td><td>None. Hashing only</td><td>Every NVIDIA card from 8 GB proves; 12 GB and up mine and prove; 24 GB on the stock server (eleven rented cards, RTX 3060 to RTX 5090, 6 October 2026); they sell proofs to other chains. AMD and Apple cards mine, and a prover for them lands when a zkVM ships one</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Track record</td><td>About seven years without a shipped chip; the one announced, Bitmain’s Antminer X9, was withdrawn in May 2026 before launch</td><td>Zero years. Every number above is measured and logged with the commands that produced it. The specification, reference hash, test vectors and simulators are public now (git.igneum.network/igneum-network/spec). The node, the miner and the wallet follow to the same host as the repository is published</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Track record</td><td>About seven years with one shipped chip, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU; the one announced beyond it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9, was withdrawn in May 2026 with zero units; RandomX v2 released 25 March 2026, activation pending</td><td>Zero years. Every number above is measured and logged with the commands that produced it. The specification, reference hash, test vectors and simulators are public now (git.igneum.network/igneum-network/spec). The node, the miner and the wallet follow to the same host as the repository is published</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table></div>
|
||||
<p>Measured so far: the same hourly program, generated on an Apple M5 Max, compiled by Apple's Metal and NVIDIA's CUDA on an RTX 5090, produced identical hashes on both, 192 of 192 across two programs. On a 1 GB dataset the 5090 ran at about 228 million hashes a second and the Mac at about 45 million, both bound by random memory access rather than arithmetic. Those are prototype figures, not mining rates. The first prototype dataset was a closed-form function, and a miner could compute items instead of loading them: measured 111x faster that way on the Mac. The 256 MB cache construction replaced it on 3 October 2026. With the cache, computing items on the fly runs 4.8x slower than loading them, measured on the Mac, and the honest rate is unchanged on both vendors. Open: the same shortcut ratio on NVIDIA and on a discrete AMD card, and the time-memory trade-off between the two measured points. Inside the 5090's 96 MB cache the same program ran nearly six times faster, which is why the dataset starts at 2 GB and grows. On 4 October 2026 the live devnet crossed an hourly program change on all three vendors with no pause and no rejected block: a Mac at 26.7 million hashes a second, an RTX 5090 at 123 million and an integrated AMD chip at 2.7 million, every hash doing 128 distinct reads of the memory-hard dataset.</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ body.all .pager{display:none}
|
|||
<p>Here are the limits, stated before anyone else states them.</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>A proof in seconds.</strong> Not at launch. Proving a full block today needs a cluster of 100 to 200 consumer GPUs, approximate, so Igneum launches with proofs within about a minute and tightens as hardware improves. Users still see their transaction land in one second.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>A chip is impossible.</strong> No. A chip wired for one program is a bad bet, because the program moves before it ships. A programmable chip is not stopped by the moving target: everything it needs is public at genesis and every drawn parameter is firmware to it (an address permute, a rotator, an immediate table), so the defence against it is the latency-shadow work (class v4) and the price per joule, not the schedule (the Horizon lane analysis, 6 October 2026, section 5.4; ledger M32). At launch the strongest chip in our public model reaches 2.1x per joule against an RTX 5090 with a core as good as a GPU lane and 3.4x with one three times better, under class v4 from the first block: a memory-controller chip that stores the whole dataset and carries a GPU-class datapath beside its memory for the 100,000 ops per hash in the shadow, the range running from a chip core as costly per operation as a GPU lane (k = 1, modelled on the 5090’s measured watts at its knee, 7 October 2026) to a core three times better per operation (k about 0.33); the withdrawn Antminer X9’s claimed figure is a ratio against a CPU core, not a GPU lane, so it does not stand for a chip core against us; the ladder’s second rung takes that bracket to about 2.8x (modelled, 7 October 2026). Class v5 then makes the dataset the chain’s own state, so a chip that stores it or recomputes it is wrong on every item (designed, 7 October 2026). The baseline the work started from, never the launch state: without class v4 the same stored-dataset chip would reach 1.2x per chip and 5x to 9x per joule in our model (6 October 2026); the Ethash chips of this class reached 2.1x to 4.8x (Linzhi Phoenix 2020, Jasminer X4 2021, Antminer E9 2022). The strongest recompute chip we can price, holding the whole 256 MiB cache on-die, reaches under 1x per chip against an RTX 5090 (the published model, 5 October 2026: 0.92x per unit of silicon with a 3x fixed-function allowance, approximate). Sources: the chip model analysis (6 October 2026); the ASIC history’s Ethash rows; Counter ASIC 3.0 item 8 (the chip’s per-joule edge over the RTX 5090 falls from 5.6x to 2.1x on GDDR7 at k = 1 and to 3.4x at a core three times better, the 5090 at 0.2% less rate; gates G1 to G6 passed, 6 October 2026). No hash has stayed free of chips forever; Igneum does not claim to. Monero’s RandomX has held for about seven years; the one chip announced against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9, was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped, its claimed core (k about 0.33) never measured. That record says nothing about the price of a chip with the 256 MB cache on its die; that price is a cost model, not a measurement.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>A chip is impossible.</strong> No. A chip wired for one program is a bad bet, because the program moves before it ships. A programmable chip is not stopped by the moving target: everything it needs is public at genesis and every drawn parameter is firmware to it (an address permute, a rotator, an immediate table), so the defence against it is the latency-shadow work (class v4) and the price per joule, not the schedule (the Horizon lane analysis, 6 October 2026, section 5.4; ledger M32). At launch the strongest chip in our public model reaches 2.1x per joule against an RTX 5090 with a core as good as a GPU lane and 3.4x with one three times better, under class v4 from the first block: a memory-controller chip that stores the whole dataset and carries a GPU-class datapath beside its memory for the 100,000 ops per hash in the shadow, the range running from a chip core as costly per operation as a GPU lane (k = 1, modelled on the 5090’s measured watts at its knee, 7 October 2026) to a core three times better per operation (k about 0.33); the withdrawn Antminer X9’s claimed figure is a ratio against a CPU core, not a GPU lane, so it does not stand for a chip core against us; the ladder’s second rung takes that bracket to about 2.8x (modelled, 7 October 2026). Class v5 then makes the dataset the chain’s own state, so a chip that stores it or recomputes it is wrong on every item (designed, 7 October 2026). The baseline the work started from, never the launch state: without class v4 the same stored-dataset chip would reach 1.2x per chip and 5x to 9x per joule in our model (6 October 2026); the Ethash chips of this class reached 2.1x to 4.8x (Linzhi Phoenix 2020, Jasminer X4 2021, Antminer E9 2022). The strongest recompute chip we can price, holding the whole 256 MiB cache on-die, reaches under 1x per chip against an RTX 5090 (the published model, 5 October 2026: 0.92x per unit of silicon with a 3x fixed-function allowance, approximate). Sources: the chip model analysis (6 October 2026); the ASIC history’s Ethash rows; Counter ASIC 3.0 item 8 (the chip’s per-joule edge over the RTX 5090 falls from 5.6x to 2.1x on GDDR7 at k = 1 and to 3.4x at a core three times better, the 5090 at 0.2% less rate; gates G1 to G6 passed, 6 October 2026). No hash has stayed free of chips forever; Igneum does not claim to. Monero’s RandomX has held its miners on commodity hardware for about seven years: one chip shipped against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU; the one announced beyond it, the Antminer X9, was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped, its claimed core (k about 0.33) never measured; RandomX v2 was released on 25 March 2026 with its activation pending. That record says nothing about the price of a chip with the 256 MB cache on its die; that price is a cost model, not a measurement.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>A guaranteed income floor.</strong> No. External proving is a small market today. Igneum's miners' electricity cost in it is close to power, but the price they must charge is the subsidy they forgo, which falls as one over network hash: an edge at scale and nothing more.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>A memory-hard prototype on every vendor.</strong> Not yet. The 256 MB cache closed the shortcut on Apple silicon (computing items runs 4.8x slower than loading them, measured 3 October 2026). The same ratio on NVIDIA and on a discrete AMD card is Open.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Finality in the first month.</strong> No. No checkpoint locks until the 30-day window has 30 days of history. The first month of mainnet is proof of work with a 12-hour depth, and the text above says so wherever a day count appears.</li>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
|
|||
</section>
|
||||
<section class="section compact">
|
||||
<div class="container">
|
||||
<div class="derived"><p>RandomX has kept chips off Monero since 2019 (approximate) by making the mining program random, so the hardware that runs it well is the hardware everyone already owns. The one chip announced against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9 (pre-orders from 26 December 2025 at 1 MH/s and 2,472 W, about USD 5,600), was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped; RandomX 2.0 shipped on 25 March 2026 (monero-project/monero issue 10270). Igneum takes the same principle to graphics cards and adds what RandomX never had.</p>
|
||||
<div class="derived"><p>RandomX has kept Monero on commodity hardware since 2019 by making the mining program random, so the hardware that runs it well is close to the hardware everyone already owns: the one chip that shipped, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), is a board of RISC-V chips at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU. The one chip announced against it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9 (pre-orders from 26 December 2025 at 1 MH/s and 2,472 W, about USD 5,600), was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped; RandomX 2.0 shipped on 25 March 2026 with its mainnet activation pending (monero-project/monero issue 10270). Igneum takes the same principle to graphics cards and adds what RandomX never had.</p>
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||||
<div class="tbl"><table>
|
||||
<thead><tr><th>Property</th><th>RandomX, Monero</th><th>Igneum</th></tr></thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
|
|||
<tr><td>Changes over time</td><td>None. A fixed design, unchanged for seven years</td><td>A new program every hour, its memory pattern with it; era draws and reserved families on a schedule fixed at genesis. Nobody touches it</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Seed grinding</td><td>Not applicable, the program comes from the hash input</td><td>Closed by a verifiable delay between seed and program</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Useful work</td><td>None. Hashing only</td><td>Every NVIDIA card from 8 GB proves; 12 GB and up mine and prove; 24 GB on the stock server (eleven rented cards, RTX 3060 to RTX 5090, 6 October 2026); they sell proofs to other chains. AMD and Apple cards mine, and a prover for them lands when a zkVM ships one</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Track record</td><td>About seven years without a shipped chip; the one announced, Bitmain’s Antminer X9, was withdrawn in May 2026 before launch</td><td>Zero years. Every number above is measured and logged with the commands that produced it. The specification, reference hash, test vectors and simulators are public now (git.igneum.network/igneum-network/spec). The node, the miner and the wallet follow to the same host as the repository is published</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>Track record</td><td>About seven years with one shipped chip, Bitmain’s Antminer X5 (September 2023), at 1.46x per joule over a desktop CPU; the one announced beyond it, Bitmain’s Antminer X9, was withdrawn in May 2026 with zero units; RandomX v2 released 25 March 2026, activation pending</td><td>Zero years. Every number above is measured and logged with the commands that produced it. The specification, reference hash, test vectors and simulators are public now (git.igneum.network/igneum-network/spec). The node, the miner and the wallet follow to the same host as the repository is published</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table></div>
|
||||
<p>Measured so far: the same hourly program, generated on an Apple M5 Max, compiled by Apple's Metal and NVIDIA's CUDA on an RTX 5090, produced identical hashes on both, 192 of 192 across two programs. On a 1 GB dataset the 5090 ran at about 228 million hashes a second and the Mac at about 45 million, both bound by random memory access rather than arithmetic. Those are prototype figures, not mining rates. The first prototype dataset was a closed-form function, and a miner could compute items instead of loading them: measured 111x faster that way on the Mac. The 256 MB cache construction replaced it on 3 October 2026. With the cache, computing items on the fly runs 4.8x slower than loading them, measured on the Mac, and the honest rate is unchanged on both vendors. Open: the same shortcut ratio on NVIDIA and on a discrete AMD card, and the time-memory trade-off between the two measured points. Inside the 5090's 96 MB cache the same program ran nearly six times faster, which is why the dataset starts at 2 GB and grows. On 4 October 2026 the live devnet crossed an hourly program change on all three vendors with no pause and no rejected block: a Mac at 26.7 million hashes a second, an RTX 5090 at 123 million and an integrated AMD chip at 2.7 million, every hash doing 128 distinct reads of the memory-hard dataset.</p></div>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const REQUIRED = {
|
|||
['G4', 'admin keys in consensus'],
|
||||
['X8', 'No listing is arranged, promised or sought by the project'],
|
||||
['X31', 'The public testnet is armed: three seed nodes and the public RPC are up, and it opens on the go word.'],
|
||||
['C2', '2019 (approximate)'],
|
||||
['C2', 'Monero has run on RandomX since November 2019'],
|
||||
['X34', 'was withdrawn in mid-May 2026 before any unit shipped; RandomX 2.0 shipped on 25 March 2026'],
|
||||
['X36', 'Bitmain opened Antminer X9 pre-orders on 26 December 2025 for July 2026 delivery, then withdrew the product in mid-May 2026 and refunded buyers before any unit shipped; none has been independently benchmarked.'],
|
||||
['X35', 'so the launch number is the class v4 row'],
|
||||
|
|
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ const REQUIRED = {
|
|||
['G3', 'there is no team page'],
|
||||
['G4', 'no admin keys in consensus'],
|
||||
['G6', 'Pools can be bypassed on transaction choice'],
|
||||
['X34', 'About seven years without a shipped chip; the one announced, Bitmain'],
|
||||
['X34', 'About seven years with one shipped chip, Bitmain'],
|
||||
['C3', 'Chips arrived, as on Kaspa, whose hash was designed to welcome them'],
|
||||
['C3', 'Kaspa has run in production since 2021 (approximate)'],
|
||||
['C5', 'Inclusion is not confirmation on either chain'],
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue